最近、ターミナルでvimやtmuxの操作をしていると、「h,j,k,l」のキー入力での反応が遅くストレスを感じるので、よく話題に上がっているAlacrittyをインストールし、設定の仕方などを調べてみましたので、まとめておこうと思います。
目次
Alacrittyとは
Rust製のターミナルで、OpenGLを利用したGPUレンダリングを用いた描画を行うため、とても高速なターミナルです。Alacitty自体もパフォーマンスに意識して開発を行っているそうです。また、Rustで開発されていることもあり、クロスプラットフォームで利用可能です。
インストール方法
今回は、macOSを想定した手順を記載します。他のOSに関してのインストールは、GitHubのREADMEを参照するか、リリース物からバイナリを取得すればよいです。
brew cask install alacrittyこれでインストール完了です。
ApplicationフォルダにAlacrittyがインストールされているのでそちらをクリックするか、ターミナルで下記のコマンドを実行して起動します。
open /Applications/Alacritty.app設定について
設定に関しては、とくに画面で編集する形ではyaml形式の設定ファイルを利用します。
いわゆるXDG仕様とよばれるXDG Base Directory Specificationとよばれる仕様に基づいて、各ユーザのホームフォルダ直下におくのではなく、$XDG_CONFIG_HOMEの配管におく形となっています。読み込み順序は、下記のようになっています。
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/alacritty/alacritty.yml$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/alacritty.yml$HOME/.config/alacritty/alacritty.yml$HOME/.alacritty.yml
設定ファイルの雛形は、リリース物の中にあります。以下にr0.5.0の内容を記載します。
# Configuration for Alacritty, the GPU enhanced terminal emulator.
# Any items in the `env` entry below will be added as
# environment variables. Some entries may override variables
# set by alacritty itself.
#env:
# TERM variable
#
# This value is used to set the `$TERM` environment variable for
# each instance of Alacritty. If it is not present, alacritty will
# check the local terminfo database and use `alacritty` if it is
# available, otherwise `xterm-256color` is used.
#TERM: alacritty
#window:
# Window dimensions (changes require restart)
#
# Specified in number of columns/lines, not pixels.
# If both are `0`, this setting is ignored.
#dimensions:
# columns: 0
# lines: 0
# Window position (changes require restart)
#
# Specified in number of pixels.
# If the position is not set, the window manager will handle the placement.
#position:
# x: 0
# y: 0
# Window padding (changes require restart)
#
# Blank space added around the window in pixels. This padding is scaled
# by DPI and the specified value is always added at both opposing sides.
#padding:
# x: 0
# y: 0
# Spread additional padding evenly around the terminal content.
#dynamic_padding: false
# Window decorations
#
# Values for `decorations`:
# - full: Borders and title bar
# - none: Neither borders nor title bar
#
# Values for `decorations` (macOS only):
# - transparent: Title bar, transparent background and title bar buttons
# - buttonless: Title bar, transparent background, but no title bar buttons
#decorations: full
# Startup Mode (changes require restart)
#
# Values for `startup_mode`:
# - Windowed
# - Maximized
# - Fullscreen
#
# Values for `startup_mode` (macOS only):
# - SimpleFullscreen
#startup_mode: Windowed
# Window title
#title: Alacritty
# Window class (Linux/BSD only):
#class:
# Application instance name
#instance: Alacritty
# General application class
#general: Alacritty
# GTK theme variant (Linux/BSD only)
#
# Override the variant of the GTK theme. Commonly supported values are `dark` and `light`.
# Set this to `None` to use the default theme variant.
#gtk_theme_variant: None
#scrolling:
# Maximum number of lines in the scrollback buffer.
# Specifying '0' will disable scrolling.
#history: 10000
# Scrolling distance multiplier.
#multiplier: 3
# Font configuration
#font:
# Normal (roman) font face
#normal:
# Font family
#
# Default:
# - (macOS) Menlo
# - (Linux/BSD) monospace
# - (Windows) Consolas
#family: monospace
# The `style` can be specified to pick a specific face.
#style: Regular
# Bold font face
#bold:
# Font family
#
# If the bold family is not specified, it will fall back to the
# value specified for the normal font.
#family: monospace
# The `style` can be specified to pick a specific face.
#style: Bold
# Italic font face
#italic:
# Font family
#
# If the italic family is not specified, it will fall back to the
# value specified for the normal font.
#family: monospace
# The `style` can be specified to pick a specific face.
#style: Italic
# Bold italic font face
#bold_italic:
# Font family
#
# If the bold italic family is not specified, it will fall back to the
# value specified for the normal font.
#family: monospace
# The `style` can be specified to pick a specific face.
#style: Bold Italic
# Point size
#size: 11.0
# Offset is the extra space around each character. `offset.y` can be thought of
# as modifying the line spacing, and `offset.x` as modifying the letter spacing.
#offset:
# x: 0
# y: 0
# Glyph offset determines the locations of the glyphs within their cells with
# the default being at the bottom. Increasing `x` moves the glyph to the right,
# increasing `y` moves the glyph upward.
#glyph_offset:
# x: 0
# y: 0
# Thin stroke font rendering (macOS only)
#
# Thin strokes are suitable for retina displays, but for non-retina screens
# it is recommended to set `use_thin_strokes` to `false`.
#use_thin_strokes: true
# If `true`, bold text is drawn using the bright color variants.
#draw_bold_text_with_bright_colors: false
# Colors (Tomorrow Night)
#colors:
# Default colors
#primary:
# background: '#1d1f21'
# foreground: '#c5c8c6'
# Bright and dim foreground colors
#
# The dimmed foreground color is calculated automatically if it is not present.
# If the bright foreground color is not set, or `draw_bold_text_with_bright_colors`
# is `false`, the normal foreground color will be used.
#dim_foreground: '#828482'
#bright_foreground: '#eaeaea'
# Cursor colors
#
# Colors which should be used to draw the terminal cursor.
#
# Allowed values are CellForeground and CellBackground, which reference the
# affected cell, or hexadecimal colors like #ff00ff.
#cursor:
# text: CellBackground
# cursor: CellForeground
# Vi mode cursor colors
#
# Colors for the cursor when the vi mode is active.
#
# Allowed values are CellForeground and CellBackground, which reference the
# affected cell, or hexadecimal colors like #ff00ff.
#vi_mode_cursor:
# text: CellBackground
# cursor: CellForeground
# Selection colors
#
# Colors which should be used to draw the selection area.
#
# Allowed values are CellForeground and CellBackground, which reference the
# affected cell, or hexadecimal colors like #ff00ff.
#selection:
# text: CellBackground
# background: CellForeground
# Search colors
#
# Colors used for the search bar and match highlighting.
#
# Allowed values are CellForeground and CellBackground, which reference the
# affected cell, or hexadecimal colors like #ff00ff.
#search:
# matches:
# foreground: '#000000'
# background: '#ffffff'
#
# bar:
# background: CellForeground
# foreground: CellBackground
# Normal colors
#normal:
# black: '#1d1f21'
# red: '#cc6666'
# green: '#b5bd68'
# yellow: '#f0c674'
# blue: '#81a2be'
# magenta: '#b294bb'
# cyan: '#8abeb7'
# white: '#c5c8c6'
# Bright colors
#bright:
# black: '#666666'
# red: '#d54e53'
# green: '#b9ca4a'
# yellow: '#e7c547'
# blue: '#7aa6da'
# magenta: '#c397d8'
# cyan: '#70c0b1'
# white: '#eaeaea'
# Dim colors
#
# If the dim colors are not set, they will be calculated automatically based
# on the `normal` colors.
#dim:
# black: '#131415'
# red: '#864343'
# green: '#777c44'
# yellow: '#9e824c'
# blue: '#556a7d'
# magenta: '#75617b'
# cyan: '#5b7d78'
# white: '#828482'
# Indexed Colors
#
# The indexed colors include all colors from 16 to 256.
# When these are not set, they're filled with sensible defaults.
#
# Example:
# `- { index: 16, color: '#ff00ff' }`
#
#indexed_colors: []
# Bell
#
# The bell is rung every time the BEL control character is received.
#bell:
# Visual Bell Animation
#
# Animation effect for flashing the screen when the visual bell is rung.
#
# Values for `animation`:
# - Ease
# - EaseOut
# - EaseOutSine
# - EaseOutQuad
# - EaseOutCubic
# - EaseOutQuart
# - EaseOutQuint
# - EaseOutExpo
# - EaseOutCirc
# - Linear
#animation: EaseOutExpo
# Duration of the visual bell flash. A `duration` of `0` will disable the
# visual bell animation.
#duration: 0
# Visual bell animation color.
#color: '#ffffff'
# Bell Command
#
# This program is executed whenever the bell is rung.
#
# When set to `command: None`, no command will be executed.
#
# Example:
# command:
# program: notify-send
# args: ["Hello, World!"]
#
#command: None
# Background opacity
#
# Window opacity as a floating point number from `0.0` to `1.0`.
# The value `0.0` is completely transparent and `1.0` is opaque.
#background_opacity: 1.0
#selection:
#semantic_escape_chars: ",│`|:\"' ()[]{}<>\t"
# When set to `true`, selected text will be copied to the primary clipboard.
#save_to_clipboard: false
# Allow terminal applications to change Alacritty's window title.
#dynamic_title: true
#cursor:
# Cursor style
#
# Values for `style`:
# - ▇ Block
# - _ Underline
# - | Beam
#style: Block
# Vi mode cursor style
#
# If the vi mode cursor style is `None` or not specified, it will fall back to
# the style of the active value of the normal cursor.
#
# See `cursor.style` for available options.
#vi_mode_style: None
# If this is `true`, the cursor will be rendered as a hollow box when the
# window is not focused.
#unfocused_hollow: true
# Thickness of the cursor relative to the cell width as floating point number
# from `0.0` to `1.0`.
#thickness: 0.15
# Live config reload (changes require restart)
#live_config_reload: true
# Shell
#
# You can set `shell.program` to the path of your favorite shell, e.g. `/bin/fish`.
# Entries in `shell.args` are passed unmodified as arguments to the shell.
#
# Default:
# - (macOS) /bin/bash --login
# - (Linux/BSD) user login shell
# - (Windows) powershell
#shell:
# program: /bin/bash
# args:
# - --login
# Startup directory
#
# Directory the shell is started in. If this is unset, or `None`, the working
# directory of the parent process will be used.
#working_directory: None
# WinPTY backend (Windows only)
#
# Alacritty defaults to using the newer ConPTY backend if it is available,
# since it resolves a lot of bugs and is quite a bit faster. If it is not
# available, the WinPTY backend will be used instead.
#
# Setting this option to `true` makes Alacritty use the legacy WinPTY backend,
# even if the ConPTY backend is available.
#winpty_backend: false
# Send ESC (\x1b) before characters when alt is pressed.
#alt_send_esc: true
#mouse:
# Click settings
#
# The `double_click` and `triple_click` settings control the time
# alacritty should wait for accepting multiple clicks as one double
# or triple click.
#double_click: { threshold: 300 }
#triple_click: { threshold: 300 }
# If this is `true`, the cursor is temporarily hidden when typing.
#hide_when_typing: false
#url:
# URL launcher
#
# This program is executed when clicking on a text which is recognized as a URL.
# The URL is always added to the command as the last parameter.
#
# When set to `launcher: None`, URL launching will be disabled completely.
#
# Default:
# - (macOS) open
# - (Linux/BSD) xdg-open
# - (Windows) explorer
#launcher:
# program: xdg-open
# args: []
# URL modifiers
#
# These are the modifiers that need to be held down for opening URLs when clicking
# on them. The available modifiers are documented in the key binding section.
#modifiers: None
# Mouse bindings
#
# Mouse bindings are specified as a list of objects, much like the key
# bindings further below.
#
# To trigger mouse bindings when an application running within Alacritty captures the mouse, the
# `Shift` modifier is automatically added as a requirement.
#
# Each mouse binding will specify a:
#
# - `mouse`:
#
# - Middle
# - Left
# - Right
# - Numeric identifier such as `5`
#
# - `action` (see key bindings)
#
# And optionally:
#
# - `mods` (see key bindings)
#mouse_bindings:
# - { mouse: Middle, action: PasteSelection }
# Key bindings
#
# Key bindings are specified as a list of objects. For example, this is the
# default paste binding:
#
# `- { key: V, mods: Control|Shift, action: Paste }`
#
# Each key binding will specify a:
#
# - `key`: Identifier of the key pressed
#
# - A-Z
# - F1-F24
# - Key0-Key9
#
# A full list with available key codes can be found here:
# https://docs.rs/glutin/*/glutin/event/enum.VirtualKeyCode.html#variants
#
# Instead of using the name of the keys, the `key` field also supports using
# the scancode of the desired key. Scancodes have to be specified as a
# decimal number. This command will allow you to display the hex scancodes
# for certain keys:
#
# `showkey --scancodes`.
#
# Then exactly one of:
#
# - `chars`: Send a byte sequence to the running application
#
# The `chars` field writes the specified string to the terminal. This makes
# it possible to pass escape sequences. To find escape codes for bindings
# like `PageUp` (`"\x1b[5~"`), you can run the command `showkey -a` outside
# of tmux. Note that applications use terminfo to map escape sequences back
# to keys. It is therefore required to update the terminfo when changing an
# escape sequence.
#
# - `action`: Execute a predefined action
#
# - ToggleViMode
# - SearchForward
# - SearchBackward
# - Copy
# - Paste
# - PasteSelection
# - IncreaseFontSize
# - DecreaseFontSize
# - ResetFontSize
# - ScrollPageUp
# - ScrollPageDown
# - ScrollHalfPageUp
# - ScrollHalfPageDown
# - ScrollLineUp
# - ScrollLineDown
# - ScrollToTop
# - ScrollToBottom
# - ClearHistory
# - Hide
# - Minimize
# - Quit
# - ToggleFullscreen
# - SpawnNewInstance
# - ClearLogNotice
# - ClearSelection
# - ReceiveChar
# - None
#
# (`mode: Vi` only):
# - Open
# - Up
# - Down
# - Left
# - Right
# - First
# - Last
# - FirstOccupied
# - High
# - Middle
# - Low
# - SemanticLeft
# - SemanticRight
# - SemanticLeftEnd
# - SemanticRightEnd
# - WordRight
# - WordLeft
# - WordRightEnd
# - WordLeftEnd
# - Bracket
# - ToggleNormalSelection
# - ToggleLineSelection
# - ToggleBlockSelection
# - ToggleSemanticSelection
# - SearchNext
# - SearchPrevious
# - SearchStart
# - SearchEnd
#
# (macOS only):
# - ToggleSimpleFullscreen: Enters fullscreen without occupying another space
#
# (Linux/BSD only):
# - CopySelection: Copies into selection buffer
#
# - `command`: Fork and execute a specified command plus arguments
#
# The `command` field must be a map containing a `program` string and an
# `args` array of command line parameter strings. For example:
# `{ program: "alacritty", args: ["-e", "vttest"] }`
#
# And optionally:
#
# - `mods`: Key modifiers to filter binding actions
#
# - Command
# - Control
# - Option
# - Super
# - Shift
# - Alt
#
# Multiple `mods` can be combined using `|` like this:
# `mods: Control|Shift`.
# Whitespace and capitalization are relevant and must match the example.
#
# - `mode`: Indicate a binding for only specific terminal reported modes
#
# This is mainly used to send applications the correct escape sequences
# when in different modes.
#
# - AppCursor
# - AppKeypad
# - Alt
#
# A `~` operator can be used before a mode to apply the binding whenever
# the mode is *not* active, e.g. `~Alt`.
#
# Bindings are always filled by default, but will be replaced when a new
# binding with the same triggers is defined. To unset a default binding, it can
# be mapped to the `ReceiveChar` action. Alternatively, you can use `None` for
# a no-op if you do not wish to receive input characters for that binding.
#
# If the same trigger is assigned to multiple actions, all of them are executed
# in the order they were defined in.
#key_bindings:
#- { key: Paste, action: Paste }
#- { key: Copy, action: Copy }
#- { key: L, mods: Control, action: ClearLogNotice }
#- { key: L, mods: Control, mode: ~Vi, chars: "\x0c" }
#- { key: PageUp, mods: Shift, mode: ~Alt, action: ScrollPageUp, }
#- { key: PageDown, mods: Shift, mode: ~Alt, action: ScrollPageDown }
#- { key: Home, mods: Shift, mode: ~Alt, action: ScrollToTop, }
#- { key: End, mods: Shift, mode: ~Alt, action: ScrollToBottom }
# Vi Mode
#- { key: Space, mods: Shift|Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollToBottom }
#- { key: Space, mods: Shift|Control, action: ToggleViMode }
#- { key: Escape, mode: Vi, action: ClearSelection }
#- { key: I, mode: Vi, action: ScrollToBottom }
#- { key: I, mode: Vi, action: ToggleViMode }
#- { key: Y, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollLineUp }
#- { key: E, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollLineDown }
#- { key: G, mode: Vi, action: ScrollToTop }
#- { key: G, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: ScrollToBottom }
#- { key: B, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollPageUp }
#- { key: F, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollPageDown }
#- { key: U, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollHalfPageUp }
#- { key: D, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ScrollHalfPageDown }
#- { key: Y, mode: Vi, action: Copy }
#- { key: Y, mode: Vi, action: ClearSelection }
#- { key: Copy, mode: Vi, action: ClearSelection }
#- { key: V, mode: Vi, action: ToggleNormalSelection }
#- { key: V, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: ToggleLineSelection }
#- { key: V, mods: Control, mode: Vi, action: ToggleBlockSelection }
#- { key: V, mods: Alt, mode: Vi, action: ToggleSemanticSelection }
#- { key: Return, mode: Vi, action: Open }
#- { key: K, mode: Vi, action: Up }
#- { key: J, mode: Vi, action: Down }
#- { key: H, mode: Vi, action: Left }
#- { key: L, mode: Vi, action: Right }
#- { key: Up, mode: Vi, action: Up }
#- { key: Down, mode: Vi, action: Down }
#- { key: Left, mode: Vi, action: Left }
#- { key: Right, mode: Vi, action: Right }
#- { key: Key0, mode: Vi, action: First }
#- { key: Key4, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: Last }
#- { key: Key6, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: FirstOccupied }
#- { key: H, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: High }
#- { key: M, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: Middle }
#- { key: L, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: Low }
#- { key: B, mode: Vi, action: SemanticLeft }
#- { key: W, mode: Vi, action: SemanticRight }
#- { key: E, mode: Vi, action: SemanticRightEnd }
#- { key: B, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: WordLeft }
#- { key: W, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: WordRight }
#- { key: E, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: WordRightEnd }
#- { key: Key5, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: Bracket }
#- { key: Slash, mode: Vi, action: SearchForward }
#- { key: Slash, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: SearchBackward }
#- { key: N, mode: Vi, action: SearchNext }
#- { key: N, mods: Shift, mode: Vi, action: SearchPrevious }
# (Windows, Linux, and BSD only)
#- { key: V, mods: Control|Shift, action: Paste }
#- { key: C, mods: Control|Shift, action: Copy }
#- { key: F, mods: Control|Shift, action: SearchForward }
#- { key: B, mods: Control|Shift, action: SearchBackward }
#- { key: C, mods: Control|Shift, mode: Vi, action: ClearSelection }
#- { key: Insert, mods: Shift, action: PasteSelection }
#- { key: Key0, mods: Control, action: ResetFontSize }
#- { key: Equals, mods: Control, action: IncreaseFontSize }
#- { key: Add, mods: Control, action: IncreaseFontSize }
#- { key: Subtract, mods: Control, action: DecreaseFontSize }
#- { key: Minus, mods: Control, action: DecreaseFontSize }
# (Windows only)
#- { key: Return, mods: Alt, action: ToggleFullscreen }
# (macOS only)
#- { key: K, mods: Command, mode: ~Vi, chars: "\x0c" }
#- { key: Key0, mods: Command, action: ResetFontSize }
#- { key: Equals, mods: Command, action: IncreaseFontSize }
#- { key: Add, mods: Command, action: IncreaseFontSize }
#- { key: Minus, mods: Command, action: DecreaseFontSize }
#- { key: K, mods: Command, action: ClearHistory }
#- { key: V, mods: Command, action: Paste }
#- { key: C, mods: Command, action: Copy }
#- { key: C, mods: Command, mode: Vi, action: ClearSelection }
#- { key: H, mods: Command, action: Hide }
#- { key: M, mods: Command, action: Minimize }
#- { key: Q, mods: Command, action: Quit }
#- { key: W, mods: Command, action: Quit }
#- { key: N, mods: Command, action: SpawnNewInstance }
#- { key: F, mods: Command|Control, action: ToggleFullscreen }
#- { key: F, mods: Command, action: SearchForward }
#- { key: B, mods: Command, action: SearchBackward }
#debug:
# Display the time it takes to redraw each frame.
#render_timer: false
# Keep the log file after quitting Alacritty.
#persistent_logging: false
# Log level
#
# Values for `log_level`:
# - None
# - Error
# - Warn
# - Info
# - Debug
# - Trace
#log_level: Warn
# Print all received window events.
#print_events: falseこちらの内容をベースに追記していきます。今回は、フォント、背景の透過だけを設定したファイルを下記のように作りました。
# Font configuration (changes require restart)
font:
# The normal (roman) font face to use.
normal:
family: FiraCode Nerd Font
# Style can be specified to pick a specific face.
style: Regular
# The bold font face
bold:
family: FiraCode Nerd Font
# Style can be specified to pick a specific face.
# style: Bold
# The italic font face
italic:
family: FiraCode Nerd Font
# Style can be specified to pick a specific face.
# style: Italic
# Point size
size: 13.0
background_opacity: 0.8この設定ファイルをdotfilesなどの含めておけば、他PC上での開発環境も便利に行うことができると思います。
他のターミナルエミュレータ
GitHubのターミナルエミュレータタグで検索すると2020年7月現在では、158個がヒットします。その中から上位、5件を抜き出すと下記のようになります。
Macを利用されている方だと、iTerm2を利用している方も多いかと思います。
おわり
多くの時間をターミナルエミュレータと過ごすことが多いかと思います。ターミナルエミュレータによっても個性があり、見た目を重視するhyperのようなものや、速度を重視するalacrittyなどがあります。普段多くの時間をすごくターミナルエミュレータだからこそ、ストレスを感じない、自分好みのターミナルエミュレータを選んで見てはいかかでしょうか？